```添加 Ubuntu 系统操作指南

新增 Ubuntu 系统更新、软件包安装及防火墙配置等基本操作指令，方便用户进行系统管理。
```

db/mysql.cheat

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 % mysql, database, db
 
-# Create database
+# 创建数据库 Create database
 mysql -u <user> -p -e "create database <database> character set UTF8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin"
 
-# Export databse
+# 导出数据库 Export databse
 mysqldump -u <user> -p <database> > <path>
 
-# Import database
+# 导入数据库 Import database
 mysql -u <user> -p <database> <path>

os/osx.cheat

@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
 % osx, mac os
 
-# Copy <file_or_dir> to <target_path>, and remove all target files and directories `@` attribute
+# 复制 <file_or_dir> 到 <target_path>，并移除所有目标文件和目录的 `@` 属性 Copy <file_or_dir> to <target_path>, and remove all target files and directories `@` attribute
 cp -RX <file_or_dir> <target_path>
 
-# Remove <file_or_dir>'s `@` attribute
+# 移除 <file_or_dir> 的 `@` 属性 Remove <file_or_dir>'s `@` attribute
 xattr -rc <file_or_dir>
 
-# Lock system
+# 锁定系统 Lock system
 pmset displaysleepnow
 
-# Eject volume
+# 弹出卷 Eject volume
 diskutil eject '<eject_vol>'
 
-# Show disk info
+# 显示磁盘信息 Show disk info
 diskutil list
 
-# Show partition info
+# 显示分区信息 Show partition info
 diskutil info '<disk_dev>'
 
-# Show hidden files in Finder
+# 在 Finder 中显示隐藏文件 Show hidden files in Finder
 defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true; \
    killall Finder
 
-# Hide hidden files in Finder
+# 在 Finder 中隐藏隐藏文件 Hide hidden files in Finder
 defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false; \
    killall Finder
 
-# Show items in desktop
+# 显示桌面上的项目 Show items in desktop
 defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool true; \
    killall Finder
 
-# Hide items in desktop
+# 隐藏桌面上的项目 Hide items in desktop
 defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -bool false; \
    killall Finder
 
-# Set wallpaper
+# 设置壁纸 Set wallpaper
 osascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to set desktop picture to POSIX file "<image_path>"'
 
 $ file_or_dir: ls

os/ubuntu.cheat

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+% ubuntu, linux
+
+# 更新系统 Update system
+sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
+
+# 安装软件包 Install package
+sudo apt install <package_name>
+
+# 卸载软件包 Uninstall package
+sudo apt remove <package_name>
+
+
+% 防火墙 Firewall
+
+# 查看防火墙状态 View firewall status
+sudo ufw status
+
+# 开启防火墙 Enable firewall
+sudo ufw enable
+
+# 关闭防火墙 Disable firewall
+sudo ufw disable
+
+# 允许特定端口 Allow specific port 示例： 80, 443
+sudo ufw allow <port>
+
+# 禁止特定端口 Deny specific port 示例： 80, 443
+sudo ufw deny <port>
+
+# 允许特定端口范围 Allow specific port range 示例： 1024-65535
+sudo ufw allow <port_range>
+
+# 禁止特定端口范围 Deny specific port range 示例： 1024-65535
+sudo ufw deny <port_range>
+
+# 允许特定 IP 地址 Allow specific IP address 示例： 192.168.1.1 
+sudo ufw allow from <ip_address>
+
+# 禁止特定 IP 地址 Deny specific IP address 示例： 192.168.1.1
+sudo ufw deny from <ip_address>
+
+
+

pkg_mgr/brew.cheat

@@ -1,93 +1,93 @@
 % brew, cask
 
-# update brew
+# 更新 brew Update brew
 brew update
 
-# upgrade brew
+# 升级 brew Upgrade brew
 brew upgrade
 
-# get info for a package
+# 获取包的信息 Get info for a package
 brew info <package>
 
-# get info for a cask
+# 获取 cask 的信息 Get info for a cask
 brew cask info <casks>
 
-# install a package
+# 安装包 Install a package
 brew install <package>
 
-# install a cask
+# 安装 cask Install a cask
 brew cask install <casks>
 
-# reinstall a package
+# 重新安装包 Reinstall a package
 brew reinstall <package>
 
-# reinstall a cask
+# 重新安装 cask Reinstall a cask
 brew reinstall <caskinstalled>
 
-# uninstall a package
+# 卸载包 Uninstall a package
 brew uninstall <installed>
 
-# uninstall a cask
+# 卸载 cask Uninstall a cask
 brew cask uninstall <caskinstalled>
 
-# edit package
+# 编辑包 Edit package
 brew edit <package>
 
-# edit cask
+# 编辑 cask Edit cask
 brew cask edit <casks>
 
-# list all services installed by brew for the current user
+# 列出当前用户安装的所有服务 List all services installed by brew for the current user
 brew services list
 
-# for root, list all services installed by brew
+# 以 root 身份列出所有服务 List all services installed by brew for root
 sudo brew services list
 
-# run the service formula without registering to launch at login
+# 运行服务公式而不注册为登录时启动 Run the service formula without registering to launch at login
 brew services run <brewservice>
 
-# as root, run the service formula without registering to launch at login
+# 以 root 身份运行服务公式而不注册为登录时启动 Run the service formula without registering to launch at login as root
 sudo brew services run <brewservice>
 
-# start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
+# 立即启动服务公式并注册为登录时启动 Start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
 brew services start <brewservice>
 
-# as root, start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
+# 以 root 身份立即启动服务公式并注册为登录时启动 Start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login as root
 sudo brew services start <brewservice>
 
-# stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at login
+# 立即停止服务公式并取消注册为登录时启动 Stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at login
 brew services stop <brewservice>
 
-# as root, stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at login
+# 以 root 身份立即停止服务公式并取消注册为登录时启动 Stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at login as root
 sudo brew services stop <brewservice>
 
-# stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
+# 停止（如有必要）并立即启动服务公式并注册为登录时启动 Stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
 brew services restart <brewservice>
 
-# as root, stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
+# 以 root 身份停止（如有必要）并立即启动服务公式并注册为登录时启动 Stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login as root
 sudo brew services restart <brewservice>
 
-# remove all unused services
+# 移除所有未使用的服务 Remove all unused services
 brew services cleanup
 
-# as root, remove all unused services
+# 以 root 身份移除所有未使用的服务 Remove all unused services as root
 sudo brew services cleanup
 
-# auto cleanup
+# 自动清理 Auto cleanup
 brew cleanup
 
-# link formula
+# 链接公式 Link formula
 brew link <installed>
 
-# delete files that already exist in the prefix while linking
+# 删除链接时已存在于前缀中的文件 Delete files that already exist in the prefix while linking
 brew link --overwrite <installed>
 
-# allow keg-only formulae to be linked
+# 允许 keg-only 公式链接 Allow keg-only formulae to be linked
 brew link --force <installed>
 
-# health check
+# 健康检查 Health check
 brew doctor
 
-# fix permissions
+# 修复权限 Fix permissions
 sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local
 
 $ package: brew search

pkg_mgr/javascript.cheat

@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 % npm, node, js
 
-# initial new package
+# 初始化新包 Initialize a new package
 npm init
 
-# initial immediately a new package
+# 立即初始化新包 Immediately initialize a new package
 npm init -y
 
-# install all dependencies packages
+# 安装所有依赖包 Install all dependencies packages
 npm install
 
-# install all dependencies packages for specific folder
+# 为特定文件夹安装所有依赖包 Install all dependencies packages for a specific folder
 npm install --prefix <folder>
 
-# install all dev dependencies packages
+# 安装所有开发依赖包 Install all dev dependencies packages
 npm install --save-dev
 
-# install all dev dependencies for a specific folder
+# 为特定文件夹安装所有开发依赖包 Install all dev dependencies for a specific folder
 npm install --save-dev --prefix <folder>
 
-# install a specified package
+# 安装指定包 Install a specified package
 npm install <package_name>
 
-# install a specified dev package
+# 安装指定开发包 Install a specified dev package
 npm install <package_name> --save-dev
 
-# install globally a specified package
+# 全局安装指定包 Install globally a specified package
 npm install <package_name> -g
 
-# install for a specific folder
+# 为特定文件夹安装指定包 Install for a specific folder
 npm install <package_name> --prefix <folder>
 
-# install a specified dev package for a specific folder
+# 为特定文件夹安装指定开发包 Install a specified dev package for a specific folder
 npm install <package_name> --save-dev --prefix <folder>
 
-# run a script
+# 运行脚本 Run a script
 npm run <script>
 
-# run a script for a specific folder
+# 为特定文件夹运行脚本 Run a script for a specific folder
 npm run <script> --prefix <folder>
 
 $ script: node -p "Object.keys(require('./package.json').scripts).join('\n')"
@@ -45,25 +45,25 @@ $ script: node -p "Object.keys(require('./package.json').scripts).join('\n')"
 
 % yarn, node, js
 
-# initial new package
+# 初始化新包 Initialize a new package
 yarn init
 
-# install all dependencies packages
+# 安装所有依赖包 Install all dependencies packages
 yarn install
 
-# install all dev dependencies packages
+# 安装所有开发依赖包 Install all dev dependencies packages
 yarn install --save-dev
 
-# install a specified package
+# 安装指定包 Install a specified package
 yarn add <package_name>
 
-# install a specified dev package
+# 安装指定开发包 Install a specified dev package
 yarn add <package_name> --dev
 
-# install globally a specified package
+# 全局安装指定包 Install globally a specified package
 yarn global add <package_name>
 
-# run a script
+# 运行脚本 Run a script
 yarn run <script>
 
 $ script: node -p "Object.keys(require('./package.json').scripts).join('\n')"
@@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ $ script: node -p "Object.keys(require('./package.json').scripts).join('\n')"
 
 % nvm, node, js
 
-# install a specified version of node
+# 安装指定版本的 node Install a specified version of node
 nvm install <version>
 
-# list available versions
+# 列出可用版本 List available versions
 nvm ls-remote
 
-# use installed node's version
+# 使用已安装的 node 版本 Use installed node's version
 nvm use <version>
 
-# set a node's version as default
+# 设置 node 版本为默认 Set a node's version as default
 nvm alias default <version>

pkg_mgr/pacman.cheat

@@ -185,5 +185,5 @@ makepkg -s
 
 # Check for possible packaging issues, equal to `lintian`
 namcap
-
 $ pkg_name_installed: sudo pacman -Qe
+

pkg_mgr/yum.cheat

@@ -1,52 +1,52 @@
 % yum
 
-# List all available packages
+# 列出所有可用的包 List all available packages
 yum list available
 
-# List all installed packages
+# 列出所有已安装的包 List all installed packages
 yum list installed
 
-# Info about package
+# 获取包的信息 Get info about a package
 yum info <package-name>
 
-# Search in repository (packages and descriptions)
+# 在仓库中搜索（包和描述）Search in repository (packages and descriptions)
 yum search <query>
 
-# List all history actions (install, update and erase)
+# 列出所有历史操作（安装、更新和删除）List all history actions (install, update and erase)
 yum history list
 
-# Check updates for installed packages
+# 检查已安装包的更新 Check updates for installed packages
 yum check-update
 
-# Update all packages
+# 更新所有包 Update all packages
 yum update
 
-# Update spesific/individual package
+# 更新特定/单个包 Update specific/individual package
 yum update <package-name>
 
-# Downgrade package
+# 降级包 Downgrade package
 yum downgrade <package-name>
 
-# Install a package from repository
+# 从仓库安装包 Install a package from repository
 yum install <package-name>
 
-# Remove/delete package
+# 移除/删除包 Remove/delete package
 yum remove <package-name>
 
-# Install local rpm package
+# 安装本地 rpm 包 Install local rpm package
 yum localinstall <filepath-rpm>
 
-# Install security updates
+# 安装安全更新 Install security updates
 yum update --security
 
-# List dependencies of package
+# 列出包的依赖关系 List dependencies of package
 yum deplist <package-name>
 
-# Remove un-needed packages and dependencies
+# 移除不需要的包和依赖 Remove un-needed packages and dependencies
 yum autoremove
 
-# Whatprovides package/file/binary
+# 查找提供包/文件/二进制的内容 Whatprovides package/file/binary
 yum whatprovides <query>
 
-# List currently enabled repositories
+# 列出当前启用的仓库 List currently enabled repositories
 yum repolist

pkg_mgr/zypper.cheat

@@ -1,75 +1,75 @@
 % zypper
 
-# Install packages
+# 安装软件包 | Install packages
 zypper install <package-name>
 
-# Install local rpm package
+# 安装本地rpm包 | Install local rpm package
 zypper install <filepath-rpm>
 
-# Download package without installing
+# 仅下载软件包不安装 | Download package without installing
 zypper install --download-only <package-name>
 
-# Downgrade or install a package with a specific version
+# 降级或安装特定版本的软件包 | Downgrade or install a package with a specific version
 zypper install --force <package-name>-<package-version>
 
-# Install a package and remove a package in one go
+# 同时安装一个包并移除另一个包 | Install a package and remove a package in one go
 zypper install <package-name-1> -<package-name-2>
 
-# Remove package
+# 移除软件包 | Remove package
 zypper remove <package-name>
 
-# Automatically remove unneeded dependencies
+# 自动移除不需要的依赖 | Automatically remove unneeded dependencies
 zypper remove --clean-deps <package-name>
 
-# Update packages
+# 更新软件包 | Update packages
 zypper update
 
-# Only download the packages, do not install
+# 仅下载软件包，不安装 | Only download the packages, do not install
 zypper update --download-only 
 
-# List available updates
+# 列出可用更新 | List available updates
 zypper list-updates
 
-# Update specific package
+# 更新指定软件包 | Update specific package
 zypper update <package-name>
 
-# Perform a distribution upgrade
+# 执行发行版升级 | Perform a distribution upgrade
 zypper dist-upgrade
 
-# Search packages
+# 搜索软件包 | Search packages
 zypper search <query>
 
-# Search in the file list of packages 
+# 在软件包的文件列表中搜索 | Search in the file list of packages 
 zypper search --file-list <query>
 
-# list all packages depended on the package
+# 列出依赖于指定包的所有包 | List all packages depended on the package
 zypper search --requires <package-name>
 
-# List all packages providing the specified capability
+# 列出提供指定功能的所有包 | List all packages providing the specified capability
 zypper what-provides <query>
 
-# Show full information for specified packages
+# 显示指定包的完整信息 | Show full information for specified packages
 zypper info <package-name>
 
-# List dependencies of package
+# 列出包的依赖关系 | List dependencies of package
 zypper info --requires <package-name>
 
-# List what the current package provides
+# 列出当前包提供的内容 | List what the current package provides
 zypper info --provides <package-name>
 
-# List all available packages
+# 列出所有可用的包 | List all available packages
 zypper packages
 
-# List all installed packages
+# 列出所有已安装的包 | List all installed packages
 zypper packages --installed-only
 
-# Clean up all local caches
+# 清理所有本地缓存 | Clean up all local caches
 zypper clean
 
-# Clean both metadata and package caches
+# 清理元数据和包缓存 | Clean both metadata and package caches
 zypper clean --all
 
-# Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session
+# 启动shell以在一个会话中输入多个命令 | Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session
 zypper shell